Usually offered in the fall semester
BIOL 4001: Physical Biochemistry
“Energy is the only universal currency.” — Albert Szent-Györgyi, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1937
Physical Biochemistry explores the physical foundations of life: how energy, matter, molecular motion, and chemical forces shape biological systems. The course is designed for upper-level undergraduate biochemistry students and emphasizes conceptual understanding, quantitative reasoning, and biochemical relevance.
Course focus
Students examine thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibria, and transport phenomena that govern protein folding, enzyme catalysis, membrane transport, redox chemistry, and metabolic control.
Learning style
The course balances conceptual lectures with quantitative problem solving. Students learn to connect physical laws to biological mechanisms and to practice solving biochemical problems step by step.
Course format
What students should expect
BIOL 4001 has a steady workload throughout the semester. Success depends on keeping up with the material, practicing problems regularly, and reviewing concepts before quizzes and exams.
Tentative sequence
Topics across the semester
Fundamentals
Units, dimensional analysis, energy, basic thermodynamic quantities, and essential concepts from physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
First law of thermodynamics
Energy conservation, work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, and their application to chemical and biological processes.
Second law of thermodynamics
Entropy, spontaneity, free energy, biochemical directionality, molecular stability, and equilibrium.
Phase equilibria
Phase transitions and colligative properties, including boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and biological relevance.
Chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier’s principle, binding equilibria, coupled reactions, enzyme activity, and metabolic regulation.
Ion and electron transport
Electrochemical gradients, membrane potentials, redox chemistry, cellular energy production, and signaling.
Rates of reactions
Chemical kinetics, rate laws, reaction mechanisms, and factors controlling the speed of biochemical reactions.